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INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação rápida de membro superior (RULA) é um método de pesquisa desenvolvido para uso em investigações ergonômicas em postos de trabalho onde distúrbios de membros superiores relacionados ao trabalho são relatados. Existem diversas pesquisas disponíveis sobre o uso de RULA na avaliação distúrbio osteomuscular relacionado ao trabalho (DORTs). Porém, até o momento não há nenhuma revisão compilada disponível sobre a pesquisa abrangendo os usos de RULA em avaliações ergonômicas. OBJETIVO: Compilar artigos relacionados com o uso de RULA na avaliação de DORTs entre trabalhadores de diversas áreas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A busca por artigos relacionados ao tema foi realizada nas bases de dados acadêmicas PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO e EBSCO. A coleta foi realizada até 22 de julho de 2019 usando as cinco palavras-chave, "ergonomia" "Musculoesquelético", "local de trabalho" e "avaliação rápida de membros superiores". Essas palavras-chave foram combinadas usando os operadores booleanos "AND", "OR" e "NOT". Adotou-se as recomendações do checklist PRISMA. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 263 artigos. Após a remoção de 161 artigos duplicados, sobraram 102 artigos para as análises. Destes, 21 artigos foram excluídos pelo título e resumo e 81 artigos completos foram avaliados. Novamente, 68 artigos foram excluídos por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão e, finalmente, 13 artigos foram incluídos na análise qualitativa abrangente. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação mais ampla do RULA foi confirmada a partir desta revisão abrangente.
INTRODUCTION: RULA (rapid upper limb assessment) is a survey method developed for use in ergonomics investigations of workplaces where workrelated upper limb disorders are reported. There are various researches available regarding the use of RULA in assessing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). But till date, there is no compiled review available regarding the comprehensive research on the uses of RULA in various ergonomic assessment. OBJECTIVE: To compile the availability of article related to the uses of RULA in assessing WRMSDs among workers from various fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The articles related to RULA in ergonomic assessment were searched using the reputed academic databases, including PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EBSCO from inception to July 22, 2019 using the five keywords, "ergonomics," "musculoskeletal," "workplace," and "rapid upper limb assessment." These keywords were combined using the Boolean operators "AND," "OR," and "NOT." RESULTS: A total of 263 articles (n=263) were identified. After the removal of 161 duplicate articles, 102 articles were screened for the analysis. Among then, 21 articles were excluded and 81 fulltext articles were assessed for eligibility. Again 68 articles were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria and finally 13 articles were included in the qualitative comprehensive analysis. CONCLUSION: The wider application of RULA has been confirmed from this comprehensive review.
Subject(s)
Ergonomics , Cumulative Trauma Disorders , Musculoskeletal SystemABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Distúrbios musculoesqueléticos (DME) representam uma das principais causas de lesões e incapacidades ocupacionais. Postura corporal inadequada durante a digitação é associada com DME entre os usuários de computador. O RULA (rapid upper limb assessment) é um método subjetivo de observação da postura para utilização em investigações ergonômicas de postos de trabalho. OBJETIVO: Examinar a validade e confiabilidade do RULA aplicado a usuários de computadores do setor bancário. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Amostra aleatória simples de bancários com medidas antropométricas (idade, altura e peso). A validade concorrente do RULA foi estabelecida na comparação com o instrumento validado de Avaliação Rápida do Corpo Inteiro (REBA). A confiabilidade intraexaminador do RULA foi estabelecida pelo investigador principal em dois ensaios no mesmo grupo de participantes, na mesma condição ambiental e nos mesmos tempos, com um intervalo de 2 dias. A confiabilidade interavaliadores foi estabelecida pelo investigador principal e outro pesquisador no mesmo grupo de participantes com as mesmas condições ambientais e com um intervalo de 2 minutos. RESULTADO: Total 301 participantes foram recrutados, sendo 170 participantes do sexo masculino e 131 do sexo feminino. O RULA apresentou alta correlação com o REBA (ρ = 0,91; p <0,001). A confiabilidade intra e interobservador do RULA foi excelente com ICC = 0,92 (0,90-0,94) e 0,91 (0,89-0,93), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A validade e a confiabilidade do RULA foram estabelecidas entre bancários no uso de computadores, com excelente correlação e concordância interexaminadores.
BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the leading causes of occupational injury and disability. Awkward body posture while typing is associated with MSDs among the computer users. RULA (rapid upper limb assessment) is a subjective observation method of posture analysis for use in ergonomics investigations of workplaces where work-related upper limb disorders are reported. To date, no data available on reliability and validity of RULA among the bank employee's using computers. OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity and reliability of RULA among the bank employees' using computers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of bank employee were recruited by simple random sampling technique to take part in this validity and reliability study. All anthropometric measurement was taken before the beginning of the study including age, height and weight. The concurrent validity of RULA was established with the criterion referenced, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Principal investigator recorded both the scores of RULA and REBA to estimate the concurrent validity. Intra-rater reliability of RULA was established by the principal investigator across two trials on the same group of participants in the same environmental condition and same timings with a gap of 2 days. Interrater reliability of RULA was established by the principal investigator and another researcher on the same group of participants with in the same environmental conditions and same with a gap of 2 minutes. RESULT: Total 301 Participants were recruited in this study, in which 170 participants were males, and other 131 were females. Concurrent validity of RULA with the criterion measure REBA is found to be good as measured by spearman's rank correlation test, ρ=0.91 (p<0.001). Intra-and inter-rater reliability of RULA is found to excellent with ICC=0.92 (0.90-0.94) and 0.91 (0.89-0.93) respectively. CONCLUSION: Validity and reliability of RULA have been established among the bank employees' using computers. There exists good validity and excellent reliability among them.
Subject(s)
Ergonomics , Muscle, Skeletal , Equipment and Supplies UtilizationABSTRACT
Background: Osteoporosis is a chronic debilitating condition which exhibits iceberg phenomenon. Identification at an early stage of disease will enable preventive measures to reduce the incidence of disease and complications. Owing to the cost of diagnostic test, this study, various screening tools such as WHO fracture risk assessment tool, osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians, simple calculated osteoporosis risk estimation and osteoporosis risk assessment instrument have been used for assessment, in order to screen postmenopausal women in the preliminary stages.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 postmenopausal women carried over a period of five months.Results: Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 24.3% and 69.2%. The area under the curve for osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA), simple calculated osteoporotic risk estimation (SCORE) and osteoporotic risk assessment instrument (ORAI) was 0.731, 0.407 and 0.172 respectively. OSTA proved to be effective in differentiating normal BMD from low BMD score (i.e., osteopenia and osteoporosis) with a cut off of 1.1, SCORE to be more effective in screening osteoporosis than the other tools because it had a higher positive probability with a cut off 22. FRAX tool predicted probability of five and three percent probability of major fracture and hip fracture risk in ten yearsConclusions: Various tools assessed in the studies can be utilized at community level for identifying high risk women in post-menopausal stage but with different cut offs. This will reduce the cost of screening and also facilitate non pharmacological measures to reduce the progression of disease.
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Isolated carpal scaphoid dislocation is an extremely uncommon injury. Various methods have been used to treat the scaphoid dislocations, which involves open reduction and K-wire fixation with or without ligament repair or just closed reduction and cast application. The rarity of this injury has led to the proposal of vague and sometimes conflicting treatment strategies. In this article, we report a case of isolated palmar dislocation of scaphoid with an undisplaced fracture. Even though isolated dislocations of scaphoid have been reported before, this particular injury pattern of isolated dislocation with a fracture through the waist of scaphoid has not been reported before to the best of our knowledge. This case was managed by closed reduction, percutaneous Herbert screw fixation, and cast immobilization for 6 weeks, which produced a satisfactory short-term outcome